Overview

SFTP provides an alternative method for client authentication. It's called SFTP public key authentication. This method allows users to login to your SFTP service without entering a password and is often employed for automated file transfers. In this post, we'll walk you through the process of setting up this kind of authentication on the command line. It's really easier to do this on a GUI-based interface but if you simply love doing things on the terminal, this post is for you.

Note: SFTP (through SSH) is usually installed on Linux distros, so we'll be using Linux for both the (SFTP) server and client machines in this tutorial.

1. Create the .ssh directory

The first thing you'll want to do is create a .ssh directory on your client machine. This directory should be created inside your user account's home directory. Login to your client machine and go to your home directory. Just enter:

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cd ~

You should now be inside your home directory.

In the screenshot below, we used ls -a to list all the files and folders in our home directory.

To add the .ssh directory, just enter:

mkdir .ssh

So now, when we list all the files in our home directory, we can already see the .ssh directory.

You'll want to make sure only the owner of this account can access this directory. To do that, change the user permissions of the directory by running:

chmod 700 .ssh

2. Run ssh-keygen

Next, we need to populate our .ssh directory with the public/private key pair we'll be using for our sftp key authentication. Run the ssh-keygen command:

ssh-keygen

Not familiar with SFTP keys? Click that link to learn more about them.

Immediately after running the ssh-keygen command, you'll be asked to enter a couple of values, including:

  • The file in which to save the private key (normally id_rsa). Just press Enter to accept the default value.
  • The passphrase - this is a phrase that functions just like a password (except that it's supposed to be much longer) and is used to protect your private key file. You'll need it later, so make sure it's a phrase you can easily recall.

As soon as you've entered the passphrase twice, ssh-keygen will generate your private (id_rsa) and public (id_rsa.pub) key files and place them into your .ssh directory. You'll also be shown the key fingerprint that represents this particular key.

To verify whether the files were really created successfully and placed in your .ssh directory, go to your .ssh directory and list the files as shown:

Here's a sample of how the contents of an SFTP private key file (id_rsa) looks like, viewed using the less command.

Don't starve product key generator mac. and here's how the contents of a SFTP public key file (id_rsa.pub) looks like:

Again, we'd like to make sure only the owner can read, write, and execute these files. So run the chmod command yet again to assign the appropriate permisssions:

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chmod 700 ./id_rsa.*

Now that we have a .ssh directory in our client machine (populated with the private/public key pair), we now have to create a corresponding .ssh directory on the server side.

3. Create .ssh directory on SFTP server

Login to your SFTP server via SSH. We're assuming you already have a user account on your SFTP server and that the service is already up and running. Don't worry too much if you encounter a notification saying 'The authenticity of host .. can't be established .. Are you sure you want to continue connecting?' Barring any untoward incidents, it's just SSH informing you that a trust relationship between your server and your client has not yet been established. Just type in 'yes', hit [enter], and enter your password.

Recommended article: Setting Up an SFTP Server

Once you're logged in, navigate to your user account's home directory (on the server) and (just like in your client machine), create a .ssh directory.

Assign the required permissions for this directory by running:

chmod 700 .ssh

Next, navigate to your newly created .ssh directory and create the file authorized_keys. This file will be used to hold the contents of your public key. Here, we create this file by using the touch command like so:

touch authorized_keys

Yes, you need to run chmod on this file too:

chmod 700 authorized_keys

When you're done, exit your SSH session.

4. Run ssh-copy-id

Now it's time to copy the contents of your SFTP public key to the authorized_keys file. The easiest way to do this would be to run the ssh-copy-id command. The ssh-copy-id program is usually included when you install ssh. The syntax is:

ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub user@remoteserver

where user is just the username used earlier and remoteserver is just the IP address/hostname of your SFTP/SSH server.

You'll then be asked to enter your account's password. This is just the same password you used to login via SSH earlier.

5. Login SFTP SSH key based authentication

To verify that everything went well, ssh again to your SFTP server. This time, you'll be asked to enter the passphrase instead of the password.

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Navigate to your .ssh directory and view the contents of the authorized_keys file. It should contain exactly the same characters found in your SFTP public key file.

Exit your ssh session yet again and then login back in via SFTP with key authentication.

Note: Had you not assigned any passphrase when you created your public and private keys using ssh-keygen, you would have been able to login just like this:

That's it. Now you know how to setup SFTP with public key authentication using the command line. There's actually an easier way to do this. The article 2 Ways to Generate an SFTP Private Key will show you a couple of GUI-based methods that arrive at the same result.

Get started

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Windows 8.1 Product Key Generator 2019 [Cracked]

Contents

Windows 8.1 Product Key Generator is another software created by the Microsoft for the activating of Windows 8.1 OS. Since the product key is very important in activating this software, they had to develop a means of getting it. Many people have been asking for it and it came out at the right time. With the introduction of this generator, all the features present on the Windows 8.1 are activated for users to have a maximum moment of enjoying them.

New Features of Windows 8.1

Before you prefer installing Windows 8.1 Product Key Generator, here are some newly added features to it that might interest you:

  • Upgraded and improved Internet Explorer
  • New applications
  • Availability of SkyDrive
  • New video and music apps
  • Improved and upgraded power shell that is meant for enhancement of security and stability
  • A new set of customization features
  • App store that is improved upon
  • Newly added features to the friendly user interface
  • Wide search system type

Where To Find a Windows 8.1 Product Key?

Locating a serial key for Windows 8.1 is an easy one. All you need to do is check the process by which it was gotten and see the means of finding the serial key for the method. It is made up of 25-character and these set of characters are mixtures of alphabetical letters with numbers.

  1. Sometimes, your new computer system comes with a pre-installed Windows OS. Therefore, for this type, the serial key will be seen on the CPU, printed out on a sticker
  2. In case you purchase your laptop or computer from a dealer that is authorized, then this dealer can be asked for a serial key that can work on Windows 8.1
  3. If the process of getting your Windows 8.1 is by a DVD, then the Windows 8.1 Product key will be attached to a paper inside the box containing the DVD
  4. If it is through the process of downloading then it will be delivered directly to the email provided during the time it was downloaded online
  5. In case it has been initially installed before with a genuine serial key and you seem not to remember again and you need it. Then it is another process required entirely. A program of key finder can be used in getting lost or forgotten product key

How Do You Activate a Windows 8.1 Product Key Generator

  1. Close all the programs
  2. Click the start button, then the Run application should be open
  3. A window of dialogue box will pop up and a text box will appear with this dialogue box
  4. ‘slui 2’ text should be entered
  5. A window asking for the activation code will open, then the product key should be entered into it
  6. After the input of the key, it will automatically reflect on your Windows
  7. The process should not take time, it depends on the speed of your internet
  8. It is fully ready now

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Screenshots:

System Requirements

Running of Windows 8.1 Product Key Generator requires you to have some specifications and requirements that are available on a system. These basic requirements are as follows:

  • 1 gigahertz processor
  • 2 gigabyte RAM
  • The hard disk of 20 GB space
  • DirectX 9 supported by a dedicated graphics card

How To Activate Windows 8.1 Without Product Key

There are other methods of activating Windows 8.1 without the use of a product key generator. Out of all these other methods, none of them can be considered as secures as using a product key generator. But if you are lucky, you can go ahead without the use of a product key. Let us take a look at some of the methods that can be used:

First option: Make your own Windows Activator

With this method, you do not need Windows 8.1 Product key generator for activating the operating system. The simple theory behind this is just to copy some written text to a new file, then the extension of this file will be changed. Run this file and the activation of the Windows will be done.

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The steps are simply highlighted beneath:

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  1. Copy the required text which can be derived from different sources while surfing online to a text file. Therefore, the file should be saved on the system
  2. Click on the rename option and replace it with ‘activator.cmd’
  3. This changing of the name will make the file become executable for the activation process
  4. The changing of .txt to .cmd might not be possible, then this settings below should be put into place

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  • From the file browser, an option of view can be seen, click on it
  • File/folder options are the next to go to
  • Appearing of a new window
  • Three tabs will then be seen: search, general, and view
  • Choose the view tab
  • Then go to Advanced settings, where check/un-check settings will be seen
  • Locate the option of ‘hiding extensions for some known file types’. Uncheck this to show the extensions for these file types
  • Then the changing of .txt to the new .cmd will be easier now
  1. The cmd file should now be right click on and run with the admin right
  2. As it runs, a window will appear and disappear on the desktop of your computer
  3. Wait for some time, and restart the system thereafter
  4. It is now ready. But take note, it does not work all the time.

Second Option: Upgrading From Windows 8 To Windows 8.1

This step requires Windows 8 to be installed already on the computer system. And in activating Windows 8.1. the product key will no longer be needed. The steps needed here is to upgrade from Windows 8 to Windows 8.1. In order to accomplish this, some major preparation needs to be in place. Let us take a look at what you need to put into place first:

  • Back up any important data on the system
  • Free space of 3 GB should be available for the upgrading
  • A direct source of power is required for upgrading and not the battery power of the system
  • An Internet connection that is fast and strong is required as well
  • Turn off the available software of antivirus on the system

Now, the steps in updating from Windows 8 to Windows 8.1 are:

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  1. Open the Windows store that is on your Windows 8 OS
  2. Look for updates to Windows 8.1 in the Windows 8 store
  3. Choose this option, then proceed to click on it to download it
  4. It will automatically start its downloading and the installation will be on at the background
  5. After the updating is complete, a dialogue window box will appear asking for the restarting of the computer
  6. Obey this command and the updates will be taken to effect instantly
  7. You are good to go
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